Dams and Rivers

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Dams of the India and Rivers

dam on river

DamRiverState
NagarjunasagarKrishnaTelangana
Pochampad (Sri Ramasagar)GodavariTelangana
SrisailamKrishnaA.P.
Sardar SarovarNarmadaGujarat
UkaiTapiGujarat
HirakudMahanadiOrissa
Bhakra NangalSutlejHimachal Pradesh
Pong (Maharana Pratap Sagar)BeasHimachal Pradesh
Thein (Ranjit Sagar)RaviPunjab
BagliharChenabJammu & Kashmir
ChutakSuruJammu & Kashmir
PanchetDamodarJharkhand
MaithonBarakarJharkhand
TehriBhagirathiUttarakhand
KoynaKoynaMaharashtra
MetturKaveriTamilnadu
Krishnaraja SagarKaveriKarnataka
AlamattiKrishnaKarnataka
MullaperiyarPeriyarKerala
GandhisagarChambalMadhya Pradesh
Nimoo BazgoIndusJammu & Kashmir

Dams of the World and Rivers

DamRiverCountry
Aswan DamNileEgypt
Jinping-I damYalongChina
Three Gorges damYangtseChina
Nurek damVakhshTajikistan
Itaipu damParanaBrazil and Paraguay
Hoover damColoradoU.S.A.
Note: There are innumerable dams in the world but only a few are listed here keeping in view the scope of this website and that of GK required for competitive exams in India.

Types of Dams

Type of DamBrief descriptionExample
Earth DamEarth dams are constructed by laying layers of scientifically compacted soil or soil-rock mix to form embankments. They are trapezoidal in shape. The safety and stability of the dam is ensured by the quality of soil used and the efficiency of design.Hirakud Dam
Rock-fill DamThese are constructed with loose rocks and boulders instead of soil. Obviously, workmanship plays a crucial role in ensuring safety and reducing seepage.Tehri Dam
Gravity DamGravity dam are constructed with mass concrete. Such dams resist the flow of water by their sheer weight.Bhakra Dam
Arch DamArch Dams are made of thin RCC section. They are curved in plane, with their concave side facing downstream. They retain substantial part of water pressure by virtue of their shape.Idukki Dam

Test Yourself on Rivers and Dams

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Match the Dam with the River

1. Ukai Dam


2. Tehri Dam


3. Mettur Dam


4. Bhakra Nangal Dam


5. Nagarjuna Sagar Dam


6. Pong Dam


7. Maithon Dam




Merits and demerits of Dams

Merits

  1. Water storage: Dams allow for the storage of large volumes of water which can be used for various purposes such as drinking water supply, irrigation for agriculture, and industrial usage.
  2. Hydropower generation: The stored water in reservoirs is released under controlled conditions, passing through turbines to generate electricity. Hydropower is a clean and renewable source of energy that reduces dependence on fossil fuels and helps mitigate greenhouse gas emissions.
  3. Flood control: During periods of heavy rainfall or snowmelt, dams can store excess water and release it gradually, reducing the risk of downstream flooding.

Demerits

  1. Displacement of communities: Construction of dams requires large areas of land and since river banks are well populated, rural communities face evacuation and loss of agricultural land and hence livelihood.
  2. Environmental Damage: Construction of dams causes alteration of natural river ecosystems and affects aquatic life. Secondly, where forest areas are required to be cleared for creating storage facilities wildlife is affected considerably.





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